-
Journal of Orthopaedic Science :... Jul 2016Steroid (glucocorticoid)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in young adults has been a challenging disorder due to frequent incidence of collapse of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Steroid (glucocorticoid)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in young adults has been a challenging disorder due to frequent incidence of collapse of the femoral head and resulting dysfunction of the hip joint and impairing quality of life. In Japan, the working group on ONFH in the Specific Disease Investigation Committee under auspices of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare was founded in 1975, clinical and related basic research on ONFH have been continued for more than 40 years.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL COURSE
A national epidemiologic survey in 2004 estimated that 2200 new patients per year would be diagnosed with ONFH in Japan. ONFH was associated with steroid intake (51%), heavy alcohol intake (31%), both (3%), and neither (15%). The male-to-female ratio was 5:4, and the peak decades of age at definitive diagnosis were the 40s in male patients and the 30s in females. MRI studies revealed that ONFH would have occurred in early phase after start of steroid administration and no expansion of necrotic lesion within the femoral head in spite of continued steroid use. To standardize ONFH diagnosis and treatment strategy, the Committee established validated diagnostic criteria, a radiological staging system, and type categorization.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Most symptomatic patients with collapse of the femoral head require various surgical procedures. Joint preserving surgery, such as transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy and curved varus osteotomy, should be the treatment choice for young patients with healthy areas without severe collapse of the femoral head.
CLINICAL AND RELATED BASIC RESEARCH
Clinical and basic research has been performed to determine the pathogenesis of steroid-induced ONFH. Low hepatic CYP3A activity has been reported to significantly contribute to the risk of steroid-induced ONFH. Several gene polymorphisms related to steroid metabolism were shown to be associated with the occurrence of ONFH.
Topics: Femur Head Necrosis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Japan; Research
PubMed: 27062553
DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.03.008 -
EMBO Reports Apr 2021Public funding for basic research rests on a delicate balance between scientists, governments and the public. COVID could further shift this equilibrium towards...
Public funding for basic research rests on a delicate balance between scientists, governments and the public. COVID could further shift this equilibrium towards translation and application.
Topics: COVID-19; Government; Humans; Motivation; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33645882
DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152659 -
ILAR Journal Jul 2017Informatics methodologies exploit computer-assisted techniques to help biomedical researchers manage large amounts of information. In this paper, we focus on the... (Review)
Review
Informatics methodologies exploit computer-assisted techniques to help biomedical researchers manage large amounts of information. In this paper, we focus on the biomedical research literature (MEDLINE). We first provide an overview of some text mining techniques that offer assistance in research by identifying biomedical entities (e.g., genes, substances, and diseases) and relations between them in text.We then discuss Semantic MEDLINE, an application that integrates PubMed document retrieval, concept and relation identification, and visualization, thus enabling a user to explore concepts and relations from within a set of retrieved citations. Semantic MEDLINE provides a roadmap through content and helps users discern patterns in large numbers of retrieved citations. We illustrate its use with an informatics method we call "discovery browsing," which provides a principled way of navigating through selected aspects of some biomedical research area. The method supports an iterative process that accommodates learning and hypothesis formation in which a user is provided with high level connections before delving into details.As a use case, we examine current developments in basic research on mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. Out of the nearly 90 000 citations returned by the PubMed query "Alzheimer's disease," discovery browsing led us to 73 citations on sortilin and that disorder. We provide a synopsis of the basic research reported in 15 of these. There is wide-spread consensus among researchers working with a range of animal models and human cells that increased sortilin expression and decreased receptor expression are associated with amyloid beta and/or amyloid precursor protein.
Topics: Data Mining; Humans; Information Storage and Retrieval; MEDLINE; Semantics
PubMed: 28838071
DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx004 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2022
PubMed: 35836609
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.952874 -
Cardiology Plus 2023
PubMed: 37206089
DOI: 10.1097/CP9.0000000000000037 -
Audiology Research Nov 2022Translational research is a process that focuses on advancing basic research-based clinical solutions and is characterized by a structured process accelerating the... (Review)
Review
Translational research is a process that focuses on advancing basic research-based clinical solutions and is characterized by a structured process accelerating the implementation of scientific discoveries in healthcare. Translational research originated in oncology but has spread to other disciplines in recent decades. A translational project may refer to pharmacological research, the development of non-pharmacological therapies, or to disease monitoring processes. Its stages are divided into basic research focused on the clinical problem (T0), testing the developed means in humans (T1), conducting trials with patients (T2), implementation and dissemination of successful approaches (T3), and improving community health (T4). Many audiological studies are translational in nature. Accordingly, this scoping review aimed to evaluate the use of the terms "translational audiology" and "translational research in audiology" in the literature and examine the goals of the identified studies. PubMed and Web of Science search identified only two publications meeting the search criteria. We conclude that identifying translational audiological studies in the literature may be hampered by the lack of use of the terms "translational audiology" or "translational research". We suggest using these terms when describing translational work in audiology, with a view to facilitating the identification of this type of research and credit it appropriately.
PubMed: 36546905
DOI: 10.3390/audiolres12060064 -
Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001) Jan 2022
Topics: Clinical Medicine; Humans; Research; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 35037085
DOI: 10.1007/s10396-021-01186-z -
World Journal of Stem Cells Apr 2023Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and clinically devastating disease that causes respiratory failure. Morbidity and mortality of patients in... (Review)
Review
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and clinically devastating disease that causes respiratory failure. Morbidity and mortality of patients in intensive care units are stubbornly high, and various complications severely affect the quality of life of survivors. The pathophysiology of ARDS includes increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, an influx of protein-rich pulmonary edema fluid, and surfactant dysfunction leading to severe hypoxemia. At present, the main treatment for ARDS is mechanical treatment combined with diuretics to reduce pulmonary edema, which primarily improves symptoms, but the prognosis of patients with ARDS is still very poor. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that possess the capacity to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as the umbilical cord, endometrial polyps, menstrual blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissues. Studies have confirmed the critical healing and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Recently, the potential of stem cells in treating ARDS has been explored basic research and clinical trials. The efficacy of MSCs has been shown in a variety of models of ARDS, reducing bacterial pneumonia and ischemia-reperfusion injury while promoting the repair of ventilator-induced lung injury. This article reviews the current basic research findings and clinical applications of MSCs in the treatment of ARDS in order to emphasize the clinical prospects of MSCs.
PubMed: 37180997
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.150 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2022
PubMed: 35719944
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905654